Document Details
|
Document Type |
: |
Article In Journal |
|
Document Title |
: |
Light-absorbing carbon in Europe – measurement and modelling, with a focus on residential wood combustion emissions قياس ونمذجة امتصاص الكربون للضوء بأوروبا مع التركيز على ابعاثات حرق الأخشاب للأغراض المنزلية |
|
Subject |
: |
Enviromental sciences |
|
Document Language |
: |
English |
|
Abstract |
: |
The atmospheric concentration of elemental carbon
(EC) in Europe during the six-year period 2005–2010
has been simulated with the EMEP MSC-W model. The
model bias compared to EC measurements was less than
20% for most of the examined sites. The model results suggest
that fossil fuel combustion is the dominant source of EC
in most of Europe but that there are important contributions
also from residential wood burning during the cold seasons
and, during certain episodes, also from open biomass burning
(wildfires and agricultural fires). The modelled contributions
from open biomass fires to ground level concentrations of EC
were small at the sites included in the present study, <3% of
the long-term average of EC in PM10. The modelling of this
EC source is subject to many uncertainties, and it was likely
underestimated for some episodes.
EC measurements and modelled EC were also compared
to optical measurements of black carbon (BC). The relationships
between EC and BC (as given by mass absorption cross
section, MAC, values) differed widely between the sites, and
the correlation between observed EC and BC is sometimes
poor, making it difficult to compare results using the two
techniques and limiting the comparability of BC measurements
to model EC results.
A new bottom-up emission inventory for carbonaceous
aerosol from residential wood combustion has been applied.
For some countries the new inventory has substantially
different EC emissions compared to earlier estimates.
For northern Europe the most significant changes are
much lower emissions in Norway and higher emissions in
neighbouring Sweden and Finland. For Norway and Sweden,
comparisons to source-apportionment data from winter Europe
campaigns indicate that the new inventory may improve
model-calculated EC from wood burning.
Finally, three different model setups were tested with variable
atmospheric lifetimes of EC in order to evaluate the
model sensitivity to the assumptions regarding hygroscopicity
and atmospheric ageing of EC. The standard ageing
scheme leads to a rapid transformation of the emitted hydrophobic
EC to hygroscopic particles, and generates similar
results when assuming that all EC is aged at the point of
emission. Assuming hydrophobic emissions and no ageing
leads to higher EC concentrations. For the more remote sites,
the observed EC concentration was in between the modelled
EC using standard ageing and the scenario treating EC as
hydrophobic. This could indicate too-rapid EC ageing in the
model in relatively clean parts of the atmosphere. |
|
ISSN |
: |
1680-7316 |
|
Journal Name |
: |
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
|
Volume |
: |
13 |
|
Issue Number |
: |
17 |
|
Publishing Year |
: |
1434 AH
2013 AD |
|
Article Type |
: |
Article |
|
Added Date |
: |
Tuesday, October 8, 2013 |
|
Researchers
| J. Genberg | Genberg, J. | Researcher | | |
| H. A. C. Denier van der Gon | Denier van der Gon, H. A. C. | Researcher | | |
| D. Simpson | Simpson, D. | Researcher | | |
| E. Swietlicki | Swietlicki, E. | Researcher | | |
| H. Areskoug | Areskoug, H. | Researcher | | |
| D. Beddows | Beddows, D. | Researcher | | |
| D. Ceburnis | Ceburnis, D. | Researcher | | |
| M. Fiebig | Fiebig, M. | Researcher | | |
| H. C. Hansson | Hansson, H. C. | Researcher | | |
| R. M. Harrison | Harrison, R. M. | Researcher | | |
| S. G. Jennings | Jennings, S. G. | Researcher | | |
| S. Saarikoski | Saarikoski, S. | Researcher | | |
| G. Spindler | Spindler, G. | Researcher | | |
| A. J. H. Visschedijk | Visschedijk, A. J. H. | Researcher | | |
| A. Wiedensohler | Wiedensohler, A. | Researcher | | |
| K. E. Yttri | Yttri, K. E. | Researcher | | |
| R. Bergstr¨om | Bergstr¨om, R. | Researcher | | Robert.Bergstrom@smhi.se |
|
Files
|
36158.pdf
| pdf | Light-absorbing carbon in Europe – measurement and modelling,
with a focus on residential wood combustion emissions |
|
Back To Researches Page
|