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Document Type |
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Article In Journal |
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Document Title |
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Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air using positive matrix factorization and spatial distribution analysis تقسيم مصادر المواد العضوية عديدة الحلقات فى مناطق حضرية بإستخدام معامل مصفوفى إيجابى والتحليل المكانى لتوزيعها |
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Subject |
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Enviromental sciences |
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Document Language |
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English |
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Abstract |
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are currently generating a great deal of interest because of their
recognised toxicity, including carcinogenicity. In this study, source apportionment (SA) has been carried
out using Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) with a dataset of 29 individual PAH (sum of vapour and
particulate forms) collected by the UK National Network between 2002 and 2006. Analysis of data from
14 urban sites revealed four major source categories corresponding to unburned petroleum, diesel
combustion, wood combustion and coal combustion. When a separate set of sites known to be influenced
by local industrial sources was analysed, three source categories were identified corresponding to the
unburned petroleum, diesel combustion and coal combustion seen in the full data analysis. When SA
data were applied to the individual sites, the estimated apportionment could be explained in terms of
local emission characteristics. Unburned petroleum showed the highest contribution to the sum of PAH,
averaging 51.9% across the network, but benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was more influenced by the coal combustion
source which contributed 59.5% across the entire network. At the subset of sites with local industrial
influence, industry was both the main contributor to the sum of PAH (accounting for 48.4% of
PAH mass) and of BaP (67.9% of mass). A spatial analysis was also conducted in which the traffic source
was evaluated by the difference between a roadside and a nearby urban background site, the urban
source by difference between urban background and a rural site, and the industrial source by difference
between a site close to a major steelworks subtracting data from a local urban background site. This
showed considerable similarity between the net urban contribution and the road traffic factor, and
between the net industrial contribution and the PMF coal factor profile. In both cases the congener
profiles corresponded fairly well to UK national emissions inventory data. When PMF was applied
separately to a more recent dataset for particle-bound PAH (2008-10) in three site groupings, it was able
to distinguish the domestic coal burning source from the industry-related coal combustion source. For
the urban sites, vehicle exhausts contributed the largest amount of particulate PAH and BaP across the
whole year, with significant attribution to domestic coal combustion seen in the cold season. |
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ISSN |
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1352-2310 |
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Journal Name |
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Atmospheric Environment |
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Volume |
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79 |
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Issue Number |
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2013 |
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Publishing Year |
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1434 AH
2013 AD |
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Article Type |
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Article |
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Added Date |
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Thursday, December 12, 2013 |
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Researchers
| Eunhwa Jang | Jang, Eunhwa | Researcher | | |
| Mohammed S. Alam | Alam, Mohammed S. | Researcher | | |
| Roy M. Harrison | Harrison, Roy M. | Researcher | | r.m.harrison@bham.ac.uk |
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Files
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36414.pdf
| pdf | Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban
air using positive matrix factorization and spatial distribution
analysis |
|